Python_阿里云物联网_数据/图像/音频传输

1. 注册阿里云账户，然后在阿里云的物联网平台（iot.console.aliyun.com/lk/summary/new）中创建：产品、设备和规则引擎；
2. 在PC机上，按一定的规则（比如随机数、正态分布、泊松分布等）产生一批数据，或者绘制一个图片文件。
3. 将上述数据传输到阿里云。
4. 从阿里云将数据回传到PC上，由应用程序接收数据并进行图形化显示。
5. 设计一个图形用户界面，来实现文本数据或二进制数据（比如图像文件或者音频文件等）的双向传输。

编译环境：PyCharm

运行结果演示：

 1. 配置阿里云

创建产品：设定功能模块

设备：

配置规则引擎： 

 2 .  发送数据代码

主程序——发送数据.py：

import base64                   # 图片/音频转base64流
import threading
import time
import numpy as np              # 随机数生成
from PySide2.QtCore import QFile
from PySide2.QtUiTools import QUiLoader
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QFileDialog, QMainWindow
import aliyun                   # 自己定义
import 录音
# 随机数信息初始化，全局变量
data_random = [0]
data_normal = [0]
data_posong = [0]


class UI:
    def __init__(self):
        # 从文件中加载UI定义
        qfile_Server = QFile("send.ui")
        qfile_Server.open(QFile.ReadOnly)
        qfile_Server.close()
        # 从 UI 定义中动态 创建一个相应的窗口对象
        self.ui = QUiLoader().load(qfile_Server)
        self.ui.senddata.clicked.connect(self.senddata)
        self.ui.sendpicture.clicked.connect(self.sendpicture)
        self.ui.luying.clicked.connect(self.luying_thread)
        self.ui.music.clicked.connect(self.sendmusic)

    # 开启录音线程
    def luying_thread(self):
        thread = threading.Thread(target=self.luying)
        thread.setDaemon(True)
        thread.start()

    # 进行录音，并发送至阿里云
    def luying(self):
        self.ui.luying.setEnabled(False)
        timeluying = self.ui.time.currentText()

        thread = threading.Thread(target=lambda: 录音.luying(self, int(timeluying)))
        thread.setDaemon(True)
        thread.start()

        time.sleep(int(timeluying)+1)

        f = open('luying.mp3', 'rb')
        # base64编码
        base64_data = base64.b64encode(f.read())
        f.close()
        '''注意编码类型问题，byte->string '''
        base64_data = base64_data.decode()
        aliyun.senddata(data_random, data_normal, data_posong, '', base64_data)
        self.ui.luying.setEnabled(True)

    # 向阿里云发送随机数数据
    def senddata(self):
        # 获取UI界面数据
        junyunmin = self.ui.min.text()
        junyunmax = self.ui.max.text()
        zhentaijunzhi = self.ui.zhentaijunzhi.text()
        zhentaibiaozhuncha = self.ui.zhentaibiaozhuncha.text()
        posong = self.ui.posong.text()
        # 生成随机数
        global data_random
        global data_normal
        global data_posong
        data_random = [round(np.random.uniform(float(junyunmin), float(junyunmax)), 2) for i in range(512)]  # 均匀分布
        data_normal = [round(np.random.normal(float(zhentaijunzhi), float(zhentaibiaozhuncha)), 2) for i in range(512)]  # 正态分布
        data_posong = [round(np.random.poisson(float(posong)), 2) for i in range(512)]  # 泊松分布
        # 向阿里云发送数据
        aliyun.senddata(data_random, data_normal, data_posong, '', '')

    # 向阿里云发送图片
    def sendpicture(self):
        FileDirectory = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(QMainWindow(), "选择文件")
        f = open(FileDirectory[0], 'rb')
        # base64编码
        base64_data = base64.b64encode(f.read())
        f.close()
        '''注意编码类型问题，byte->string '''
        base64_data = base64_data.decode()
        aliyun.senddata(data_random, data_normal, data_posong, base64_data, '')

    # 向阿里云发送音频
    def sendmusic(self):
        FileDirectory = QFileDialog.getOpenFileName(QMainWindow(), "选择文件")
        f = open(FileDirectory[0], 'rb')
        # base64编码
        base64_data = base64.b64encode(f.read())
        f.close()
        '''注意编码类型问题，byte->string '''
        base64_data = base64_data.decode()
        aliyun.senddata(data_random, data_normal, data_posong, '', base64_data)


# 登陆界面
class Denlu:
    def __init__(self):
        # 从文件中加载UI定义
        qfile = QFile("denlu.ui")
        qfile.open(QFile.ReadOnly)
        qfile.close()
        # 从 UI 定义中动态 创建一个相应的窗口对象
        self.ui = QUiLoader().load(qfile)
        self.ui.acknowledge.clicked.connect(self.acknowledge)
        self.ui.delete_2.clicked.connect(self.ui.close)

    # 确认按钮程序
    def acknowledge(self):
        name = self.ui.name.text()
        password = self.ui.password.text()
        if name == '2537148609' and password == '12345678':
            self.state = UI()
            self.state.ui.show()
            self.ui.close()
        elif name == '' or password == '':
            self.ui.Error.setText('Error! Do not enter a user name or password')
        else:
            self.ui.Error.setText('Error! Incorrect user name or password')


app = QApplication([])
denlu = Denlu()
denlu.ui.show()
# 循环执行
app.exec_()

 辅程序——aliyun.py：

import paho.mqtt.client as mqtt		# mqtt阿里云
import time							# 延时库
import hashlib						# 哈希计算
import hmac							# 密钥认证
# 把我们自己对应的三元组填进去即可

options = {
	'productKey': 'productKey',
	'deviceName': 'deviceName',
	'deviceSecret': 'deviceSecret',
	'regionId': 'cn-shanghai'
}

HOST = options['productKey'] + '.iot-as-mqtt.'+options['regionId']+'.aliyuncs.com'
PORT = 1883
PUB_TOPIC = "/sys/" + options['productKey'] + "/" + options['deviceName'] + "/thing/event/property/post"


# The callback for when a PUBLISH message is received from the server.
def on_message(client, userdata, msg):
	print(msg.topic+" "+str(msg.payload))


def hmacsha1(key, msg):
	return hmac.new(key.encode(), msg.encode(), hashlib.sha1).hexdigest()


def getAliyunIoTClient():
	timestamp = str(int(time.time()))
	CLIENT_ID = "paho.py|securemode=3,signmethod=hmacsha1,timestamp="+timestamp+"|"
	CONTENT_STR_FORMAT = "clientIdpaho.pydeviceName"+options['deviceName']+"productKey"+options['productKey']+"timestamp"+timestamp
	# set username/password.
	USER_NAME = options['deviceName']+"&"+options['productKey']
	PWD = hmacsha1(options['deviceSecret'], CONTENT_STR_FORMAT)
	client = mqtt.Client(client_id=CLIENT_ID, clean_session=False)
	client.username_pw_set(USER_NAME, PWD)
	return client


# 发送数据
def senddata(data_random, data_normal, data_posong, dase64_data, music):
	client = getAliyunIoTClient()
	client.on_message = on_message

	client.connect(HOST, 1883, 300)
	# 以json结构发送数据
	payload_json = {
		'id': int(time.time()),
		'params': {
			'junyundata': data_random,
			'normaldata': data_normal,
			'posongdata': data_posong,
			'Image': dase64_data,
			'music': music,
		},
		'method': "thing.event.property.post"
	}

	client.publish(PUB_TOPIC, payload=str(payload_json), qos=1)
	client.loop_start()
	time.sleep(1)

 辅程序——录音.py： 

import pyaudio
import wave
from pydub import AudioSegment
from tqdm import tqdm


# 启动录音
def record_audio(self, wave_out_path, record_second):
    CHUNK = 1024
    FORMAT = pyaudio.paInt16
    CHANNELS = 2
    RATE = 44100
    p = pyaudio.PyAudio()
    stream = p.open(format=FORMAT,
                    channels=CHANNELS,
                    rate=RATE,
                    input=True,
                    frames_per_buffer=CHUNK)
    wf = wave.open(wave_out_path, 'wb')
    wf.setnchannels(CHANNELS)
    wf.setsampwidth(p.get_sample_size(FORMAT))
    wf.setframerate(RATE)
    print("* recording")
    for i in tqdm(range(0, int(RATE / CHUNK * record_second))):
        self.ui.jindutiao.setValue(round(float(i)/int(RATE / CHUNK * record_second)*100, 0))
        data = stream.read(CHUNK)
        wf.writeframes(data)
    print("* done recording")
    self.ui.jindutiao.setValue(0)
    stream.stop_stream()
    stream.close()
    p.terminate()
    wf.close()


# 录音wav转MP3
def luying(self,time):
    AudioSegment.converter ='D://ffmpeg-4.4.1-essentials_build//bin//ffmpeg.exe'
    record_audio(self, "luying.wav", record_second=time)
    song = AudioSegment.from_wav("luying.wav")
    song.export("luying.mp3")

3.  接收数据代码

主程序——接收数据.py:

import base64               # 图片/音频转base64流
import threading            # 多线程
from PySide2.QtCore import QFile
from PySide2.QtGui import QPixmap       # 加载图像
from PySide2.QtUiTools import QUiLoader
from PySide2.QtWidgets import QApplication, QGraphicsScene, QGraphicsPixmapItem     # 加载图像
from linkkit import linkkit         # 阿里云aliyun-iot-linkkit库
import time         # python延时库
import json         # 发送json数据
import 折线图        # 自己定义
from selenium import webdriver  # 用浏览器打开html
import os

# 三元组信息
ProductKey = "ProductKey"        # 阿里云物联网ProductKey
DeviceName = "DeviceName"        # 阿里云物联网DeviceName
DeviceSecret = "DeviceSecret"     # 阿里云物联网DeviceSecret
# 随机数信息初始化，全局变量
data_random = [0]
data_normal = [0]
data_posong = [0]


class UI:
    def __init__(self):
        # 从文件中加载UI定义
        qfile_Server = QFile("receive.ui")
        qfile_Server.open(QFile.ReadOnly)
        qfile_Server.close()
        # 从 UI 定义中动态 创建一个相应的窗口对象
        self.ui = QUiLoader().load(qfile_Server)
        self.ui.tuxian.clicked.connect(lambda: self.receivedata(data_random, data_normal, data_posong))
        self.ui.picture.clicked.connect(self.showImage)
        self.ui.music.clicked.connect(self.openmusic)

    # 播放音乐
    def openmusic(self):
        self.ui.isOK1.setText('')

        thread = threading.Thread(target=lambda: os.system('yuying.mp3'))
        thread.setDaemon(True)
        thread.start()

    # 接收随机数数据并生成折线图
    def receivedata(self, data_random, data_normal, data_posong):
        self.ui.isOK2.setText('')
        self.ui.music.setEnabled(False)
        print(data_random, data_normal, data_posong, sep='n')
        start = self.ui.start.text()
        number_of_interval = self.ui.number_of_interval.currentText()
        length = self.ui.length.currentText()
        折线图.getzhexian(data_random, data_normal, data_posong, float(start), int(number_of_interval), int(length))
        # 设置数据守护线程
        thread1 = threading.Thread(target=self.keepdriver)
        thread1.setDaemon(True)
        thread1.start()

    # 使html在游览器上循环出现
    def keepdriver(self):
        driver = webdriver.Edge()
        while (True):
            driver.get('file://C://Users//hp//Desktop//Python//云接入课设//Lib//zhexian.html')
            driver.maximize_window()
            time.sleep(1000)

    # 展示图片
    def showImage(self):
        self.ui.isOK.setText('')
        self.ui.music.setEnabled(False)
        # 将词云图加载到UI.ui界面
        self.ui.GraphView.scene_img = QGraphicsScene()
        self.imgShow = QPixmap()
        self.imgShow.load('mypicture.png')
        self.imgShowItem = QGraphicsPixmapItem()
        self.imgShowItem.setPixmap(QPixmap(self.imgShow))
        self.ui.GraphView.scene_img.addItem(self.imgShowItem)
        self.ui.GraphView.setScene(self.ui.GraphView.scene_img)
        self.ui.GraphView.fitInView(QGraphicsPixmapItem(QPixmap(self.imgShow)))

    # 接收阿里云的数据
    def on_topic_message(self, topic, payload, qos, userdata):
        # 拿到接收来的数据
        data = str(payload)[2:-1]
        dataDict = json.loads(data)
        global data_random
        global data_normal
        global data_posong
        # 多层解析
        data_random = dataDict["junyundata"]
        data_normal = dataDict["normaldata"]
        data_posong = dataDict["posongdata"]
        base64_data = dataDict['Image']
        base64_data1 = dataDict['music']
        self.ui.music.setEnabled(True)
        if base64_data != '':
            # 进行base64解码工作 base64->数组
            image_decode = base64.b64decode(base64_data)
            with open('mypicture.png', 'wb') as f:
                f.write(image_decode)
            self.ui.isOK.setText('OK')
        elif base64_data1 != '':
            # 进行base64解码工作 base64->数组
            image_decode1 = base64.b64decode(base64_data1)
            with open('yuying.mp3', 'wb') as f:
                f.write(image_decode1)
            self.ui.isOK1.setText('OK')
        else:
            self.ui.isOK2.setText('OK')
        print("OK")


# 订阅Topic
def on_subscribe_topic(mid, granted_qos, userdata):  # 订阅topic
    print("on_subscribe_topic mid:%d, granted_qos:%s" %
          (mid, str(','.join('%s' % it for it in granted_qos))))


# 登陆界面
class Denlu:
    def __init__(self):
        # 从文件中加载UI定义
        qfile = QFile("denlu.ui")
        qfile.open(QFile.ReadOnly)
        qfile.close()
        # 从 UI 定义中动态 创建一个相应的窗口对象
        self.ui = QUiLoader().load(qfile)
        self.ui.acknowledge.clicked.connect(self.acknowledge)
        self.ui.delete_2.clicked.connect(self.ui.close)

    # 确认按钮程序
    def acknowledge(self):
        name = self.ui.name.text()
        password = self.ui.password.text()
        if name == '2537148609' and password == '12345678':
            self.state = UI()
            self.state.ui.show()
            # 注册当接受到云端发送的数据的时候的方法
            lk.on_topic_message = self.state.on_topic_message
            self.ui.close()
        elif name == '' or password == '':
            self.ui.Error.setText('Error! Do not enter a user name or password')
        else:
            self.ui.Error.setText('Error! Incorrect user name or password')


app = QApplication([])
denlu = Denlu()
denlu.ui.show()

# 初始化连接参数，阿里云三码设置
lk = linkkit.LinkKit(
    host_name="cn-shanghai",    # 当前设备服务器(上海-华东二)
    product_key=ProductKey,  # 当前设备product_key
    device_name=DeviceName,  # 当前设备device_name
    device_secret=DeviceSecret)  # 当前设备device_secret

# //注册云端订阅的方法
lk.on_subscribe_topic = on_subscribe_topic

# 连接阿里云的函数（异步调用）
lk.connect_async()
time.sleep(1)       # 延时设置

# //订阅这个topic，不需要写prodect_key和device_name
rc, mid = lk.subscribe_topic(lk.to_full_topic("user/get"))

# 循环执行
app.exec_()

  辅程序——折线图.py：

import pyecharts.options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Line       # 折线图


# 用pyecharts生成图线html
def zhexian(data_normal, data_random, data_posong):
    x1=[];y1=[];y2=[];y3=[]
    for i in data_normal:
        [left, right] = i[0].split('~')
        x1.append(left)
        y1.append(round(i[1], 1))
    for i in data_random:
        y2.append(round(i[1], 1))
    for i in data_posong:
        y3.append(round(i[1], 1))
    line = (
            Line()
            .add_xaxis(xaxis_data=x1)
            .add_yaxis(series_name="泊松分布", y_axis=y3, is_smooth=True)
            .add_yaxis(series_name="均匀分布", y_axis=y2, is_smooth=True)
            .add_yaxis(series_name="正态分布", y_axis=y1, is_smooth=True)
            .set_global_opts(title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="Line图"), yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name='概率'),
                             xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(name='数据大小'))
    ).render('zhexian.html')


# 分区切片
def interval_statistics(data, intervals):
    result = []
    if len(data) == 0:
        return
    for num in data:
        for interval in intervals:
            lr = tuple(interval.split('~'))
            left, right = float(lr[0]), float(lr[1])
            if left